TRENDEAtlas of the Sultans

When Did Each City Become Ottoman? Conquest and Loss Dates of 117 Cities

Each card leads to a page on how the city came under Ottoman rule, the years it changed hands and when Ottoman rule ended. Dates are taken from the city articles of the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam.

EskişehirEskişehir · 1291BursaBursa · 1326IznikIznik · 1331IzmitIzmit · 1337BalıkesirBalıkesir · 1345AnkaraAnkara · 1354TekirdağTekirdağ · 1357ÇanakkaleÇanakkale · 1360EdirneEdirne · 1361PlovdivPlovdiv · 1361KırklareliKırklareli · 1368IspartaIsparta · 1374BitolaBitola · 1382SofiaSofia · 1383SerresSerres · 1383NišNiš · 1386LarissaLarissa · 1386ThessalonikiThessaloniki · 1387KavalaKavala · 1390AydınAydın · 1390İzmirİzmir · 1390KütahyaKütahya · 1390MuğlaMuğla · 1390UşakUşak · 1390BurdurBurdur · 1391DenizliDenizli · 1391SkopjeSkopje · 1392ShkodërShkodër · 1393Veliko TarnovoVeliko Tarnovo · 1393VarnaVarna · 1393PlevenPleven · 1393OhridOhrid · 1395KonyaKonya · 1397KaramanKaraman · 1397AmasyaAmasya · 1398ÇorumÇorum · 1398KayseriKayseri · 1398SivasSivas · 1398TokatTokat · 1398VlorëVlorë · 1417SamsunSamsun · 1420AntalyaAntalya · 1423AfyonkarahisarAfyonkarahisar · 1429IoanninaIoannina · 1430PristinaPristina · 1439SmederevoSmederevo · 1439SarajevoSarajevo · 1448IstanbulIstanbul · 1453PrizrenPrizren · 1455AthensAthens · 1456TrabzonTrabzon · 1461GümüşhaneGümüşhane · 1461KastamonuKastamonu · 1461SinopSinop · 1461RizeRize · 1461MytileneMytilene · 1462MostarMostar · 1466ChalcisChalcis · 1470FeodosiaFeodosia · 1475AzovAzov · 1475Bilhorod-DnistrovskyiBilhorod-Dnistrovskyi · 1484NafpaktosNafpaktos · 1499DurrësDurrës · 1501BitlisBitlis · 1514ErzincanErzincan · 1514MuşMuş · 1514BayburtBayburt · 1514SiirtSiirt · 1514DiyarbakırDiyarbakır · 1515ElazığElazığ · 1515AntakyaAntakya · 1516AleppoAleppo · 1516DamascusDamascus · 1516JerusalemJerusalem · 1516BeirutBeirut · 1516SidonSidon · 1516AcreAcre · 1516TripoliTripoli · 1516HamaHama · 1516HomsHoms · 1516JaffaJaffa · 1516GaziantepGaziantep · 1516MalatyaMalatya · 1516CairoCairo · 1517AlexandriaAlexandria · 1517MeccaMecca · 1517MedinaMedina · 1517MosulMosul · 1517GazaGaza · 1517AdanaAdana · 1517MardinMardin · 1517ŞanlıurfaŞanlıurfa · 1517AlgiersAlgiers · 1519BelgradeBelgrade · 1521RhodesRhodes · 1522KahramanmaraşKahramanmaraş · 1522BaghdadBaghdad · 1534KirkukKirkuk · 1534ErzurumErzurum · 1534KarsKars · 1537NafplioNafplio · 1540BudaBuda · 1541SanaaSanaa · 1546VanVan · 1548TripoliTripoli · 1551TimișoaraTimișoara · 1552ChiosChios · 1566TunisTunis · 1569NicosiaNicosia · 1570FamagustaFamagusta · 1571BenghaziBenghazi · 1578YerevanYerevan · 1583TabrizTabriz · 1585EgerEger · 1596TiranaTirana · 1614HeraklionHeraklion · 1669Kamianets-PodilskyiKamianets-Podilskyi · 1672
13th century14th century15th century16th century17th centuryDot colours show the century in which the city first came under Ottoman rule.
EskişehirTurkey630 years1291 – until 1922 BursaTurkey594 years1326 – until 1922 IznikTurkey589 years1331 – until 1922 IzmitTurkey584 years1337 – until 1922 BalıkesirTurkey564 years1345 – until 1922 AnkaraTurkey568 years1354 – until 1922 TekirdağTurkey563 years1357 – until 1922 ÇanakkaleTurkey562 years1360 – until 1922 EdirneTurkey558 years1361 – until 1922 PlovdivBulgaria524 years1361 – 1885 KırklareliTurkey552 years1368 – until 1922 IspartaTurkey548 years1374 – until 1922 BitolaNorth Macedonia530 years1382 – 1912 SofiaBulgaria495 years1383 – 1878 SerresGreece529 years1383 – 1912 NišSerbia463 years1386 – 1878 LarissaGreece495 years1386 – 1881 ThessalonikiGreece498 years1387 – 1912 KavalaGreece522 years1390 – 1912 AydınTurkey505 years1390 – until 1922 İzmirTurkey507 years1390 – until 1922 KütahyaTurkey504 years1390 – until 1922 MuğlaTurkey508 years1390 – until 1922 UşakTurkey503 years1390 – until 1922 BurdurTurkey529 years1391 – until 1922 DenizliTurkey504 years1391 – until 1922 SkopjeNorth Macedonia520 years1392 – 1912 ShkodërAlbania436 years1393 – 1912 Veliko TarnovoBulgaria484 years1393 – 1877 VarnaBulgaria484 years1393 – 1878 PlevenBulgaria484 years1393 – 1877 OhridNorth Macedonia517 years1395 – 1912 KonyaTurkey459 years1397 – until 1922 KaramanTurkey456 years1397 – until 1922 AmasyaTurkey524 years1398 – until 1922 ÇorumTurkey524 years1398 – until 1922 KayseriTurkey452 years1398 – until 1922 SivasTurkey516 years1398 – until 1922 TokatTurkey524 years1398 – until 1922 VlorëAlbania495 years1417 – 1912 SamsunTurkey502 years1420 – until 1922 AntalyaTurkey497 years1423 – until 1922 AfyonkarahisarTurkey492 years1429 – until 1922 IoanninaGreece483 years1430 – 1913 PristinaKosovo462 years1439 – 1912 SmederevoSerbia388 years1439 – 1867 SarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina430 years1448 – 1878 IstanbulTurkey469 years1453 – until 1922 PrizrenKosovo457 years1455 – 1912 AthensGreece377 years1456 – 1833 TrabzonTurkey459 years1461 – until 1922 GümüşhaneTurkey459 years1461 – until 1922 KastamonuTurkey461 years1461 – until 1922 SinopTurkey461 years1461 – until 1922 RizeTurkey459 years1461 – until 1922 MytileneGreece450 years1462 – 1912 MostarBosnia and Herzegovina412 years1466 – 1878 ChalcisGreece361 years1470 – 1831 FeodosiaCrimea (Ukraine)296 years1475 – 1771 AzovRussia241 years1475 – 1736 Bilhorod-DnistrovskyiUkraine316 years1484 – 1806 NafpaktosGreece317 years1499 – 1829 DurrësAlbania411 years1501 – 1912 BitlisTurkey408 years1514 – until 1922 ErzincanTurkey406 years1514 – until 1922 MuşTurkey408 years1514 – until 1922 BayburtTurkey406 years1514 – until 1922 SiirtTurkey408 years1514 – until 1922 DiyarbakırTurkey407 years1515 – until 1922 ElazığTurkey407 years1515 – until 1922 AntakyaTurkey402 years1516 – 1918 AleppoSyria394 years1516 – 1918 DamascusSyria394 years1516 – 1918 JerusalemPalestine / Israel392 years1516 – 1917 BeirutLebanon393 years1516 – 1918 SidonLebanon393 years1516 – 1918 AcreIsrael394 years1516 – 1918 TripoliLebanon394 years1516 – 1918 HamaSyria394 years1516 – 1918 HomsSyria394 years1516 – 1918 JaffaIsrael391 years1516 – 1917 GaziantepTurkey404 years1516 – until 1922 MalatyaTurkey406 years1516 – until 1922 CairoEgypt362 years1517 – 1882 AlexandriaEgypt362 years1517 – 1882 MeccaSaudi Arabia392 years1517 – 1916 MedinaSaudi Arabia395 years1517 – 1919 MosulIraq401 years1517 – 1918 GazaPalestine390 years1517 – 1917 AdanaTurkey393 years1517 – until 1922 MardinTurkey405 years1517 – until 1922 ŞanlıurfaTurkey404 years1517 – until 1922 AlgiersAlgeria311 years1519 – 1830 BelgradeSerbia320 years1521 – 1867 RhodesGreece390 years1522 – 1912 KahramanmaraşTurkey397 years1522 – until 1922 BaghdadIraq368 years1534 – 1917 KirkukIraq375 years1534 – 1918 ErzurumTurkey386 years1534 – until 1922 KarsTurkey331 years1537 – until 1922 NafplioGreece254 years1540 – 1823 BudaHungary145 years1541 – 1686 SanaaYemen129 years1546 – 1918 VanTurkey371 years1548 – until 1922 TripoliLibya360 years1551 – 1911 TimișoaraRomania164 years1552 – 1716 ChiosGreece346 years1566 – 1912 TunisTunisia311 years1569 – 1881 NicosiaCyprus308 years1570 – 1878 FamagustaCyprus307 years1571 – 1878 BenghaziLibya333 years1578 – 1911 YerevanArmenia32 years1583 – 1735 TabrizIran28 years1585 – 1736 EgerHungary91 years1596 – 1687 TiranaAlbania298 years1614 – 1912 HeraklionGreece229 years1669 – 1898 Kamianets-PodilskyiUkraine27 years1672 – 1699