When did Varna become Ottoman?

Chronology

1. 1393
   Became Ottoman

   Varna came under Ottoman rule during Bayezid I's Bulgarian campaign; Mehmed I secured it for good when he took Dobruja in 1419.

   Sultan: Bayezid I
2. 1444
   Note

   Near the city Murad II defeated the crusader army at the Battle of Varna.

   Sultan: Murad II · Event page →
3. 1828
   Left Ottoman rule

   In the war of 1828–1829 the Russian army of Nicholas I took the city after a three-month siege.

   Sultan: Mahmud II
4. 1829
   Became Ottoman

   Under the Treaty of Adrianople the city was returned to the Ottomans.

   Sultan: Mahmud II
5. 1878
   Left Ottoman rule

   After the war of 1877–1878 the city passed to the Principality of Bulgaria created by the Treaty of Berlin.

   Sultan: Abdulhamid II

How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.

In the atlas

On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Danubian Bulgaria”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.

Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “VARNA” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.