When did Kirkuk become Ottoman?

Chronology

1. 1534
   Became Ottoman

   Often changing hands before, the city came fully under Ottoman rule after Süleyman's campaign of the Two Iraqs and became a district capital of the province of Baghdad.

   Sultan: Suleiman I
2. 1624
   Left Ottoman rule

   The Safavids, having taken Baghdad, also seized Kirkuk.

   Sultan: Murad IV
3. 1630
   Became Ottoman

   Hüsrev Pasha took the city back.

   Sultan: Murad IV
4. 1743
   Left Ottoman rule

   Nader Shah bombarded the fortress and took it.

   Sultan: Mahmud I
5. 1746
   Became Ottoman

   Under the Ottoman-Persian treaty of 1746 the fortress was returned to the Ottomans.

   Sultan: Mahmud I
6. 1918
   Left Ottoman rule

   After British attacks began on 28 October 1918 the Ottoman troops evacuated the city and withdrew to Altınköprü.

   Sultan: Mehmed VI
7. 1926
   Note

   Although claimed in the National Pact, it was left to Iraq by the Treaty of Ankara of 5 June 1926.

How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.

In the atlas

On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Mosul–Shahrizor”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.

Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “KERKÜK” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.