TRENDEAtlas of the Sultans · Cities

When did Heraklion become Ottoman?

Heraklion (Candia) · Today: Greece · Aegean and Mediterranean islands

229years under Ottoman rule

Heraklion came under Ottoman rule in 1669; Ottoman rule ended in 1898. One of the longest sieges in history took place here.

Heraklion
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1669–1898 · 229 years

Chronology

  1. 1669
    Became Ottoman

    After a blockade and siege of about twenty-three years Venice surrendered the city by agreement on 6 September 1669.

    Sultan: Mehmed IV
  2. 1898
    Left Ottoman rule

    With Crete's autonomy the Ottoman troops left the city; after November 1898 the Turkish flag was no longer raised.

    Sultan: Abdulhamid II
  3. 1913
    Note

    After the Balkan Wars the city formally left Ottoman hands.

    Sultan: Mehmed V

How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.

In the atlas

On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Crete”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.

Open the map in 1669

Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “KANDİYE” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.