TRENDEAtlas of the Sultans · Cities
Today: Turkey
Eskişehir came under Ottoman rule in 1291; it remained an Ottoman city until the end of the empire. It changed hands in between; there are 2 separate Ottoman periods. The total includes Osman Gazi's early years, which rest on tradition.
According to Ottoman tradition Osman Gazi conquered Karacahisar this year; the first Friday sermon was read at Karacahisar and the feast sermon at Eskişehir.
Sultan: Osman IAfter Mudros the British occupied the city on 23 January 1919 and left on 20 March 1920.
Sultan: Mehmed VIOn 20 July 1921 the Greek army occupied the city.
The thirteen-month Greek occupation ended on 2 September 1922; half the city lay in ruins.
How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.
On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Söğüt–Bilecik–Eskişehir (Bithynia)”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.
Open the map in 1291Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “ESKİŞEHİR” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.