When did Azov become Ottoman?

Chronology

1. 1475
   Became Ottoman

   Gedik Ahmed Pasha's fleet took Azov and its surroundings together with Kaffa, ending the Italian colonies.

   Sultan: Mehmed II
2. 1637
   Left Ottoman rule

   The Don Cossacks seized the fortress.

   Sultan: Murad IV
3. 1642
   Became Ottoman

   When Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha and the Crimean khan approached, the Cossacks set the fortress on fire and fled.

   Sultan: Ibrahim
4. 1696
   Left Ottoman rule

   The Russian army besieged the fortress and took it on 6 August 1696; the Treaty of Constantinople (1700) ceded it to Russia.

   Sultan: Mustafa II
5. 1711
   Became Ottoman

   After the victory on the Pruth the fortress was recovered; the 1713 Treaty of Adrianople confirmed it.

   Sultan: Ahmed III
6. 1736
   Left Ottoman rule

   Azov passed to Russia again; the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade left it to Russia on condition its fortifications be razed.

   Sultan: Mahmud I

How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.

In the atlas

On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Azov–Kuban”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.

Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “AZAK” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.