When did Smederevo become Ottoman?

Chronology

1. 1439
   Became Ottoman

   The last capital of medieval Serbia was taken on 27 August 1439 after a three-month siege with cannon.

   Sultan: Murad II
2. 1444
   Left Ottoman rule

   Under crusader threat Murad II returned the city to the Serbian despot by treaty.

   Sultan: Murad II
3. 1459
   Became Ottoman

   On 20 June 1459 Helena, widow of Lazar Branković, surrendered the fortress to the Ottomans; the Serbian despotate ended.

   Sultan: Mehmed II
4. 1688
   Left Ottoman rule

   During the Austrian siege of Belgrade the Ottoman troops withdrew from the city.

   Sultan: Suleiman II
5. 1690
   Became Ottoman

   After Niš was retaken, the Austrian garrison surrendered after a four-day siege.

   Sultan: Suleiman II
6. 1717
   Left Ottoman rule

   After the fall of Belgrade the Ottomans abandoned the city again.

   Sultan: Ahmed III
7. 1738
   Became Ottoman

   With the Austrian withdrawal the city returned to Ottoman rule.

   Sultan: Mahmud I
8. 1789
   Left Ottoman rule

   In the last Austro-Turkish war the city surrendered on 13 October 1789.

   Sultan: Selim III
9. 1791
   Became Ottoman

   The Treaty of Sistova of 4 August 1791 returned it to the Ottomans.

   Sultan: Selim III
10. 1867
    Left Ottoman rule

    When the fortresses in Serbia were handed over to the Serbs, the Ottoman garrison left the city.

    Sultan: Abdulaziz

How the total is counted: years of actual Ottoman rule are added up. Temporary occupations shorter than a year (that were reversed) are not subtracted; they appear as notes in the chronology.

In the atlas

On the atlas map the city lies in the region “Smederevo–Šumadija”. Map colours work at region level, so the city's own dates may differ from the region's by a few years.

Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “SEMENDİRE” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.