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Abdulaziz
He expanded the navy and the railways and founded modern judicial and educational institutions; he reattached Lahsa and Yemen. But these investments were made on credit; in 1875 the state declared it could not pay its debts, and a year later he was deposed in a coup.
Open the reign of Abdulaziz on the mapFamily
| Father | Mahmud II |
|---|---|
| Mother | Pertevniyal Sultan |
| Consorts | Dürrinev Kadın, Hayranidil Kadın, Edadil Kadın, Neşerek Kadın, Gevheri Kadın |
| Children | Yusuf İzzeddin, Abdulmejid II (the last caliph), Mahmud Celaleddin, Mehmed Şevket, Emine Sultan, Nazime Sultan, Esma Sultan, Saliha Sultan |
Major achievements
- The navy made the third largest in the world
- The first sultan to travel officially to Europe (1867)
- Opening of the Mekteb-i Sultani (Galatasaray) (1868)
- Council of State and Court of Justice founded (1868) — separation of the judiciary from the administration
- Work on the Mecelle civil code begun
- Railway network in Rumelia and Anatolia extended
- Lahsa (1871) and Yemen (1872) reattached to the state
- First Ottoman exhibitions, coinage reform
Treaties
- London Conference (1871) — revision of the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris
Grand viziers
| Name | From | To | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Keçecizade Fuat Pasha | November 22, 1861 | January 6, 1863 | |
| Yusuf Kâmil Pasha | January 6, 1863 | June 3, 1863 | |
| Keçecizade Fuat Pasha (term 2) | June 3, 1863 | June 5, 1866 | |
| Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (term 2) | June 5, 1866 | February 11, 1867 | |
| Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha (term 5) | February 11, 1867 | September 7, 1871 | |
| Mahmud Nedim Pasha | September 7, 1871 | July 31, 1872 | |
| Mithat Pasha | July 31, 1872 | October 19, 1872 | |
| Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha (term 3) | October 19, 1872 | March 15, 1873 | |
| Ahmed Esad Pasha | March 15, 1873 | April 15, 1873 | |
| Şirvanizade Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha | April 15, 1873 | February 14, 1874 | |
| Hüseyin Avni Pasha | February 14, 1874 | April 25, 1875 | |
| Ahmed Esad Pasha (term 2) | April 26, 1875 | August 26, 1875 | |
| Mahmud Nedim Pasha (term 2) | August 26, 1875 | May 12, 1876 |
Battles and treaties
| Year | Event | Result / parties |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | Treaty: London Conference |
Full infoboxes are in the site’s “Battles and Treaties” tab; source: English Wikipedia.
Death
Deposed in a coup in 1876, he was found five days later in Feriye Palace with his wrists cut. Whether it was suicide or murder is still debated.
Territorial change
The lands that changed hands in this period, and the battles or treaties that brought the changes, can be seen on the map: map of the reign of Abdulaziz.