TRENDEAtlas of the Sultans · Wars, battles and treaties
Revolt · 1527
The revolt of Kalender, known only as a sheikh of the Hacı Bektaş order, broke out during the Mohács campaign of 1526. Large Turkmen tribes, discontented with fiscal burdens and new regulations and influenced by Safavid propaganda, joined him; some 30,000 men are said to have gathered around him. Kalender defeated Behram Pasha, governor of Anatolia, first at Karaçayır and then at Cincife near Tokat (8 June 1527), where the governor of Karaman and many beys were killed. Grand Vizier İbrahim Pasha restored the rights of dispossessed sipahis and Turkmen chiefs, drew them to his side and defeated Kalender on the Başsaz pasture near Elbistan.
| Date | 1526 – 1527 |
|---|---|
| Location | Central Anatolia (Bozok, Tokat, Elbistan) |
| Result | He twice defeated Behram Pasha, governor of Anatolia (Cincife, 8 June 1527); Grand Vizier İbrahim Pasha won over the Turkmen chiefs and defeated Kalender on the Başsaz pasture |
| Belligerents | Ottoman Empire (Süleyman I) | Turkmens following Kalender Şah (Çiçekli, Akça Koyunlu, Masadlı, Bozoklu) |
|---|---|---|
| Commanders | İbrahim Pasha Behram Pasha | Kalender Şah |
Took place during the reign of Suleiman I (1520–1566). Suleiman I
The atlas records this territorial change for the year:
By the atlas's calculation the Ottoman lands covered about 3,056,000 km² in 1527; at the start of Suleiman I's reign they measured 3,034,000 km², at its end 5,127,000 km².
During Suleiman I (1520–1566) the atlas records 20 regions gained and 1 region lost.
Regions gained: Belgrade–Šabac (1521), Rhodes and the Dodecanese (1522), Eastern Slavonia and Syrmia (Osijek–Vukovar) (1526), Lika–Krbava (1527), Baghdad–Basra (1534), Azerbaijan–Shirvan–Yerevan (1534), Požega (central Slavonia) (1537), Yemen–Asir (1538), and 12 more.
Regions lost: Azerbaijan–Shirvan–Yerevan (1555).
With a reign of forty-six years he ruled longer than any other sultan. He brought the state to its military, legal and cultural peak; yet the executions of his sons Mustafa and Bayezid are the gravest instances of violence within the dynasty.
Areas are land area computed from the atlas's region data; see Method and sources.
Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, “Kalender Şah” (Turkish); text written for the atlas.