TRENDEFRARAtlas of the Sultans · Cities and countries
3 cities
Serbia became an Ottoman vassal after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, came under direct rule in 1459 and broke away step by step in the 19th century.
Smederevo, the seat of the Serbian Despotate, was taken in 1459; Belgrade fell only under Süleyman, in 1521. After the uprisings that began in 1804, the Serbs gained autonomy by the edict of 1830; in 1867 the fortresses of Belgrade and Smederevo were also handed to the Serbian government. Serbia became independent by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.
Murad I's army took the city after a hard siege of twenty-five days.
Mehmed I gave the city to his vassal Stefan Lazarević.
The Ottomans took the city back.
The last capital of medieval Serbia was taken on 27 August 1439 after a three-month siege with cannon.
After the Treaty of Edirne-Szeged it was returned to the Serbs.
Under crusader threat Murad II returned the city to the Serbian despot by treaty.
After the death of Đurađ Branković the city passed permanently to the Ottomans.
On 20 June 1459 Helena, widow of Lazar Branković, surrendered the fortress to the Ottomans; the Serbian despotate ended.
Conquered in Süleyman the Magnificent's Hungarian campaign; some inhabitants were resettled near Istanbul, in today's Belgrade Forest.
On 24 September 1688 the troops of Margrave Ludwig of Baden took the city.
During the Austrian siege of Belgrade the Ottoman troops withdrew from the city.
After the defeat at Vienna the Austrians took the city.
Fazıl Mustafa Pasha recovered the city in September 1690 after a three-week siege.
After Niš was retaken, the Austrian garrison surrendered after a four-day siege.
Grand Vizier Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha recovered the city.
After the fall of Belgrade the Ottomans abandoned the city again.
Austria seized the city; the 1718 Treaty of Passarowitz ceded it to Austria.
The Austrian Seckendorf took the city in July; in October Köprülüzade Hafız Ahmed Pasha recovered it without a fight.
With the Austrian withdrawal the city returned to Ottoman rule.
Under the Treaty of Belgrade the city was handed back to the Ottomans.
In the last Austro-Turkish war the city surrendered on 13 October 1789.
The Austrians took the city again.
The Treaty of Sistova of 4 August 1791 returned it to the Ottomans.
The Treaty of Sistova returned it to the Ottomans.
When the fortresses in Serbia were handed over to the Serbs, the Ottoman garrison left the city.
The Turkish population left in 1862 and the last Ottoman garrison in 1867; until 1878 the Ottoman flag still flew beside the Serbian one over the fortress.
In January 1878 the Serbs took the city after a seven-week siege.
Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, article “SIRBİSTAN” (in Turkish) and the atlas's city pages. Present-day borders are used.